Evaluation of the antibacterial efficiency of Carica papaya leaves against multidrug-resistant Escherichia Coli
Miriam Goodness U. Nwaneri, Stanley Chikeluom Maduka
Abstract
Over the years, there has been an increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria such as Escherichia coli, which has become a serious public health concern globally. It has become obvious that there would possibly be no chemotherapeutic agent to which microorganisms will ultimately grow resistance. This study investigated the in vitro antibacterial activity and the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of Carica papaya leaves against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates. The fresh Carica Papaya leaves were collected from the plant and air-dried, then the dried leaves were finely ground and soaked for 72 hrs in ethanol to obtain the crude extract. The extract obtained was tested for antibacterial activity against ten Escherichia coli isolates using the agar well diffusion method. The phytochemicals and antioxidant properties were tested as well. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing, which confirmed them all as multidrug-resistant. The findings exhibited concentration-dependent antibacterial activity of the crude extract against the multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates, with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 25 to 100 mg/mL for most of the isolates. The crude extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides. The antioxidant assay for the concentrations 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/mL indicated a strong radical scavenging ability with percentage values 59.8, 63.2, 69.2, 70.9, and 71.4%, respectively, which indicates that Carica papaya leaves possess significant antioxidant properties.
Keywords
References
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Submitted date:
04/27/2026
Reviewed date:
06/02/2026
Accepted date:
06/09/2026
Publication date:
06/09/2026
